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美國科州簽署法案 保護腦波隱私 Colorado Becomes First State to Pass Brainwave Privacy Law
科羅拉多州在腦機介面的時代採取了保護消費者隱私的開創性舉措。

目錄 / More to Learn / 中文翻譯(& 答案)
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　　Colorado has taken a pioneering move towards protecting consumer privacy in the age of brain-computer interfaces. With the rise of neurotechnology, which involves technology that monitors and interacts with the brain, data privacy concerns are coming to a head. In response to the growing anxieties, Colorado has become the first state in the US to pass an amendment that safeguards the privacy of human brainwaves.



　　On April 17, Colorado announced an update to its Privacy Act, which went into effect on August 6. The new Colorado Privacy Act classifies brainwaves as “sensitive personal information,” offering them the same protections that fingerprints and facial recognition data already receive. Colorado residents are now empowered to take control of their brainwave data, with the right to access, correct, and delete the information collected by companies. Additionally, companies are required to clearly outline their data handling practices.

　　Neurotechnology used to be limited to scientific labs and hospital settings. However, many new devices that can record consumers’ brainwaves or analyze the brain in other ways have been launched in recent years. Often marketed outside the realm of medical equipment, these devices evade the existing safety and privacy standards for healthcare devices. Experts are raising concerns about this lack of oversight, fearing the potential for these tools to become mind-reading devices without users’ consent or knowledge. Other US states are considering similar regulations to protect their citizens in regard to neuro data gathered by technology companies. Colorado’s precedent has put the national conversation on neurotechnology into the spotlight, raising questions about the ethical implications of brain data collection.

1.    Which of the following best defines the phrase “coming to a head” in the first paragraph?

(A)  Becoming neglected.

(B)  Facing a rapid decline.

(C)  Changing subtly.

(D)  Reaching a critical point.

2.    What do we NOT learn about the new Colorado Privacy Act?

(A)  It took effect in August.

(B)  It allows people in Colorado to sell their brainwave data.

(C)  It includes facial recognition and fingerprints in its security net.

(D)  It grants Colorado citizens the right to erase their personal brain information.

3.    What is one problem related to the rise of neurotechnology?

(A)  It is not clear whether these devices are effective.

(B)  A few people have been injured while using these devices.

(C)  Devices can read people’s thoughts without informing them.

(D)  Some roles currently done by doctors might be taken over by scientists.

單字片語整理
Words in Use
●
pioneering [paɪəˋnɪərɪŋ]

a. 開創性的，先驅的
●
monitor [ˋmɑnətɚ]

.vt. & vi. 監視
n. 監視器；螢幕
●
interact [͵ɪntəˋrækt]

vi. 互動
●
classify [ˋklæsə͵faɪ]

.vt. 分類；歸類
●
resident [ˋrɛzədənt]

n. 居民；住院醫生 & a. 居住的
●
access [ˋæksɛs]

n. （對人、地、物的）接近或使用的權利或門徑（與介詞 to 並用）
vt. 使用；（電腦）存取（資料）
●
analyze [ˋæn!͵aɪz]

vt. 分析，解析
●
realm [rɛlm]

n. 領土；（知識、興趣的）範圍
●
consent [kənˋsɛnt]

vi. & n. 同意(作名詞時不可數)
●
precedent [ `prɛsədənt ]

n. . 先例，前例
●
ethical [ˋɛθɪk!]

a. 道德的
●
implication [͵ɪmplɪˋkeʃən]

n. 暗示
●
spotlight [ˋspɑt͵laɪt]

vt. .受到注目，使突出醒目
n. . 聚光燈
Extra Words
●
interface [ˋɪntɚ͵fes]
n. 介面
●
neurotechnology [ˌnjʊrəˈtɛknalədʒɪ]
n. 神經科技
●
safeguard [ˋsef͵gɑrd]

vt. & n. & vi. 保護，防衛（皆與介詞 against 並用）
●
evade [ɪˋved]
vt. 躲避，迴避，逃避
●
oversight [ˋovɚ͵saɪt]
n. 疏忽
●
neuro data 神經資料
●
come to a head 到了緊要關頭
Practical Phrases
●
interact with 與……互動
Tom interacts well with other kids at school.
湯姆在學校和其他的小朋友互動良好。

●
classify A as B 將 A 歸類為 B
Some classify this music as jazz while others call it pop.
有些人把這種音樂歸類為爵士樂，然而也有些人稱之為流行樂。

●
go into effect 開始實施∕生效
●
take control of... 取得對⋯⋯的控制
The terrorists took control of the whole city.
恐怖分子控制了整座城市。

●
with / in regard to... 有關……
With regard to your request for a refund, we have referred the matter to our general manager.
關於您請求退款一事，我們已轉請總經理處理。

●
put into the spotlight 使⋯⋯成為焦點
The scandal put the company’s questionable practices into the spotlight.
那則醜聞讓該公司可疑的做法成為人們關注的焦點。

More to Learn

empower  vt. 授權；使自主

•   This new initiative will empower employees to take more ownership of their work.

這項新措施將使員工對自己的工作擁有更多自主權。

字首 em- 有「使（具）有」的意思，置於某些 b 或 p 開頭的字詞前，構成動詞，以下介紹一些相關字：

a.    embellish  vt. 裝飾，美化

•   We plan to embellish our wedding venue with flowers.

我們計劃要用花朵裝飾婚禮會場。

b.    embody  vt. 體現，使具體化

•   The man’s actions embody the spirit of generosity and kindness.

那名男子的行動體現了慷慨和善良的精神。

c.    embrace  vt. 擁抱；欣然接受

•   Nina embraced her sister when she needed comfort.

妮娜在她妹妹需要安慰時抱抱她。

•   I learned to embrace failure as a stepping stone to success.

我學到欣然接受失敗，把失敗當作成功的墊腳石。

d.    emphasize  vt. 強調

•   The speaker began to emphasize the main points of his argument.

那位講者開始強調自己論點中的重點。

e.    employ   vt. 僱用；採用

•   The company will employ more workers to meet the increasing demand.

該公司將聘請更多工人以滿足增長的需求。

•   Cutting-edge technology will be employed for the project.

那項專案將採用先進的科技。

中文翻譯(& 答案)

　　科羅拉多州（以下簡稱科州）在腦機介面（編按：讓大腦和機器之間可以進行溝通的介面）的時代採取了保護消費者隱私的開創性舉措。隨著涉及大腦監測和大腦互動科技的神經科技興起，資料隱私問題正處於緊要關頭。為了應對日益增長的憂慮，科州成為美國第一州，通過保護人類腦波隱私的補充條款。

　　四月十七日，科州宣布更新其隱私法案，更動的部分於八月六日生效。科州新隱私法案將腦波歸類成「個人敏感資訊」，使其受到和指紋、臉部辨識資料已取得之同等的保護。科州居民現在有權控制自己的腦波資料，有權存取、更正和刪除公司蒐集的資訊。此外，公司被要求清楚地概述其資料處理辦法。

　　神經科技過去僅限於科學實驗室和醫院環境。然而，近年來已經推出許多可以記錄消費者的腦波或以其他方式分析大腦的新裝置。這些裝置通常不在醫療設備的領域內銷售，規避了醫療保健設備現行的安全和隱私標準。專家們對這種缺乏監督的情況表示擔憂，憂心這些工具有可能在未經用戶同意或在用戶不知情的情況下成為讀心裝置。美國其他州正在考慮類似的法規，以針對科技公司蒐集的神經資料來保護公民。科州的先例讓全美神經科技的討論成為人們關注的焦點，引發人們質疑大腦資料蒐集可能造成的倫理問題。



1.    下列哪一項最能準確定義第一段的片語 “coming to a head”？

(A)  正變得被忽視。 (B)  正面臨驟降。

(C)  正在細微地轉變。     (D)  正到達關鍵時刻。



2.    關於科州新隱私法案，哪一項是我們並未得知的？

(A)  其於八月實施。

(B)  其允許科州的人們出售自己的腦波資料。

(C)  其將臉部辨識和指紋納入安全網。

(D)  其讓科州公民有權刪除個人的大腦資訊。



3.    與神經技術興起相關的一個問題是什麼？

(A)  尚不清楚這些裝置是否有效。

(B)  有一些人在使用這些裝置時受傷。

(C)  裝置可能在不告知人們的情況下讀取人們的想法。

(D)  目前由醫生承擔的某些角色可能會由科學家接替。

答案：   1.    D    2.    B    3.    C