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本帖最後由 efun 於 2016-7-3 18:55 編輯
不需額外安裝任何軟體,只要Windows 版本是VISTA以上,都有這指令。
開始 → 執行 → cmd輸入以下指令會顯示使用說明
robocopy /?這個指令的格式是這樣的
- Usage :: ROBOCOPY source destination [file [file]...] [options]
- source :: Source Directory (drive:path or serversharepath).
- destination :: Destination Dir (drive:path or serversharepath).
- file :: File(s) to copy (names/wildcards: default is "*.*").
複製代碼
各種參數的說明如下 (取自微軟官方說明文件):
- ::
- :: Copy options :
- ::
- /S :: copy Subdirectories, but not empty ones.
- /E :: copy subdirectories, including Empty ones.
- /LEV:n :: only copy the top n LEVels of the source directory tree.
- /Z :: copy files in restartable mode.
- /B :: copy files in Backup mode.
- /ZB :: use restartable mode; if access denied use Backup mode.
- /EFSRAW :: copy all encrypted files in EFS RAW mode.
- /COPY:copyflag[s] :: what to COPY for files (default is /COPY:DAT).
- (copyflags : D=Data, A=Attributes, T=Timestamps).
- (S=Security=NTFS ACLs, O=Owner info, U=aUditing info).
- /DCOPY:T :: COPY Directory Timestamps.
- /SEC :: copy files with SECurity (equivalent to /COPY:DATS).
- /COPYALL :: COPY ALL file info (equivalent to /COPY:DATSOU).
- /NOCOPY :: COPY NO file info (useful with /PURGE).
- /SECFIX :: FIX file SECurity on all files, even skipped files.
- /TIMFIX :: FIX file TIMes on all files, even skipped files.
- /PURGE :: delete dest files/dirs that no longer exist in source.
- /MIR :: MIRror a directory tree (equivalent to /E plus /PURGE).
- /MOV :: MOVe files (delete from source after copying).
- /MOVE :: MOVE files AND dirs (delete from source after copying).
- /A+:[RASHCNET] :: add the given Attributes to copied files.
- /A-:[RASHCNET] :: remove the given Attributes from copied files.
- /CREATE :: CREATE directory tree and zero-length files only.
- /FAT :: create destination files using 8.3 FAT file names only.
- /256 :: turn off very long path (> 256 characters) support.
- /MON:n :: MONitor source; run again when more than n changes seen.
- /MOT:m :: MOnitor source; run again in m minutes Time, if changed.
- /RH:hhmm-hhmm :: Run Hours - times when new copies may be started.
- /PF :: check run hours on a Per File (not per pass) basis.
- /IPG:n :: Inter-Packet Gap (ms), to free bandwidth on slow lines.
- /SL :: copy symbolic links versus the target.
- /MT[:n] :: Do multi-threaded copies with n threads (default 8).
- n must be at least 1 and not greater than 128.
- This option is incompatible with the /IPG and /EFSRAW options.
- Redirect output using /LOG option for better performance.
- ::
- :: File Selection Options :
- ::
- /A :: copy only files with the Archive attribute set.
- /M :: copy only files with the Archive attribute and reset it.
- /IA:[RASHCNETO] :: Include only files with any of the given Attributes set.
- /XA:[RASHCNETO] :: eXclude files with any of the given Attributes set.
- /XF file [file]... :: eXclude Files matching given names/paths/wildcards.
- /XD dirs [dirs]... :: eXclude Directories matching given names/paths.
- /XC :: eXclude Changed files.
- /XN :: eXclude Newer files.
- /XO :: eXclude Older files.
- /XX :: eXclude eXtra files and directories.
- /XL :: eXclude Lonely files and directories.
- /IS :: Include Same files.
- /IT :: Include Tweaked files.
- /MAX:n :: MAXimum file size - exclude files bigger than n bytes.
- /MIN:n :: MINimum file size - exclude files smaller than n bytes.
- /MAXAGE:n :: MAXimum file AGE - exclude files older than n days/date.
- /MINAGE:n :: MINimum file AGE - exclude files newer than n days/date.
- /MAXLAD:n :: MAXimum Last Access Date - exclude files unused since n.
- /MINLAD:n :: MINimum Last Access Date - exclude files used since n.
- (If n < 1900 then n = n days, else n = YYYYMMDD date).
- /XJ :: eXclude Junction points. (normally included by default).
- /FFT :: assume FAT File Times (2-second granularity).
- /DST :: compensate for one-hour DST time differences.
- /XJD :: eXclude Junction points for Directories.
- /XJF :: eXclude Junction points for Files.
- ::
- :: Retry Options :
- ::
- /R:n :: number of Retries on failed copies: default 1 million.
- /W:n :: Wait time between retries: default is 30 seconds.
- /REG :: Save /R:n and /W:n in the Registry as default settings.
- /TBD :: wait for sharenames To Be Defined (retry error 67).
- ::
- :: Logging Options :
- ::
- /L :: List only - don"t copy, timestamp or delete any files.
- /X :: report all eXtra files, not just those selected.
- /V :: produce Verbose output, showing skipped files.
- /TS :: include source file Time Stamps in the output.
- /FP :: include Full Pathname of files in the output.
- /BYTES :: Print sizes as bytes.
- /NS :: No Size - don"t log file sizes.
- /NC :: No Class - don"t log file classes.
- /NFL :: No File List - don"t log file names.
- /NDL :: No Directory List - don"t log directory names.
- /NP :: No Progress - don"t display percentage copied.
- /ETA :: show Estimated Time of Arrival of copied files.
- /LOG:file :: output status to LOG file (overwrite existing log).
- /LOG+:file :: output status to LOG file (append to existing log).
- /UNILOG:file :: output status to LOG file as UNICODE (overwrite existing log).
- /UNILOG+:file :: output status to LOG file as UNICODE (append to existing log).
- /TEE :: output to console window, as well as the log file.
- /NJH :: No Job Header.
- /NJS :: No Job Summary.
- /UNICODE :: output status as UNICODE.
- ::
- :: Job Options :
- ::
- /JOB:jobname :: take parameters from the named JOB file.
- /SAVE:jobname :: SAVE parameters to the named job file
- /QUIT :: QUIT after processing command line (to view parameters).
- /NOSD :: NO Source Directory is specified.
- /NODD :: NO Destination Directory is specified.
- /IF :: Include the following Files.
複製代碼
雖然有使用說明,但實際上的操作還是要摸索一下才知道怎麼組合適當的參數。我的需求是把 硬碟 F: 的全部資料 (含資料夾與檔案) 複製到硬碟 J:,保留檔案時間,也不刪除 F: 上的資料。組合出來的參數如下:
- robocopy F: J: /e /dcopy:t /xo /xa:sh /xj /unicode /eta /xd "$RECYCLE.BIN" "System Volume Information" "RECYCLER"
複製代碼
F: :: 檔案來源 硬碟 F:
J: :: 檔案目的地 硬碟 J:
/e :: 複製所有的子資料夾,包含空的資料夾。
/dcopy:t :: 保留所有檔案與資料夾的時間戳記。
/xo :: 如果已有相同的檔案,且時間相同或較舊就跳過。注意是 "叉歐",不是 "叉零"。
/xa:sh :: 跳過屬性為 s (系統) 與 h (隱藏) 的檔案。因為是複製整個硬碟,預設會連 Windows 隱藏的系統檔都複製過去,所以要排除。
/xj :: 跳過 NTFS junction 檔案
/unicode :: 畫面上的進度資訊以 unicode 顯示,若是操作非中文及英文檔名,這參數可以正確顯示名稱。有無開啟並不影響檔案複製、移動等操作,只是差在畫面顯示正不正確而已。
/eta :: 顯示預計完成時間。
ps. 這個指令跟其他的 dos / windows 指令不一樣的地方是檔案名稱並不是接在資料夾後面的,請參見本文最前面列出的指令格式。舉例來說,要複製 F:MyDocuments 底下的 .txt、.bmp、.jpg 到 J:ackup,那指令要組合成…
robocopy F:MyDocuments J:ackup *.txt *.bmp *.jpg
反過來說,如果不想複製這些檔案,要加上參數 /xf
robocopy F:MyDocuments J:ackup *.txt *.bmp *.jpg
大致上就是醬,這支指令能組合的參數變化還有非常非常多,是很實用的工具。
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