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2022-12-18 11:42 上傳
強大基因! 非洲民族的自然「捲」 The Uniqueness of African Hair
The Uniqueness of African Hair
12/16 解析英語
作者 Niall Longobardi
閱讀時間 9分鐘
聽講解 聽朗讀
本圖文出處:
MP3:
強大基因! 非洲民族的自然「捲」 The Uniqueness of African Hair
非裔血統的人其中一個決定性的特徵就是一頭豐厚的濃密捲髮。
目錄 / More to Learn / Grammar Tips / 中文翻譯(& 答案)
閱讀測驗
Human hair comes in various sizes, lengths, colors, and textures. Some people grow long, straight hair, while others have hair that is curly and short. However, there is one group of people known for having hair that shares particular characteristics.
A defining trait of people with African ancestry is having a head of thick hair that grows in tight coils. While features such as curls or thickness are found in people all around the world, it is the combination of these two traits that makes Africans relatively unique. However, thick and curly hair is actually quite fragile. The scalp produces natural oil called sebum, which keeps our hair healthy. The tight curls on African people’s hair make it hard for the oil to spread evenly. Thus, hair strands become dry and more brittle.
You might be wondering why people of African descent have such unique hair. The answer to this is all related to the hair follicle. A hair follicle is a tube-like structure (pore) in the top two layers of the skin that hair grows out of. The size, shape, and texture of a person’s hair are wholly determined by their hair follicles. For example, the larger the hair follicles, the thicker a person’s hair. Hair follicles with perfectly round openings produce straight hair. The more oblong the openings of the hair follicles are, the curlier the hair will be. Thus, African people tend to have large hair follicles with very flat, elliptical openings.
Regardless of whether a person has hair that’s short, long, curly, or straight, we can all admire the beauty in the diversity of hair around the world.
1. Which are the hair characteristics associated with people of African descent?
(A) Long and thin hair.
(B) Thick and curly hair.
(C) Thin and light-colored hair.
(D) Long and dark-colored hair.
2. According to the passage, what are hair follicles?
(A) They are oils that coat hair.
(B) They are the pores that cause hair to grow.
(C) They are the organs that hair grows out of on the skin.
(D) They are the hormones that determine the color of hair.
3. What type of hair would a person with small oval-shaped hair follicles have?
(A) Fine and curly hair.
(B) Thick and curly hair.
(C) Fine and straight hair.
(D) Thick and straight hair.
4. What can we infer about hair characteristics from the passage?
(A) The amount of sebum the scalp produces depends on the diameter
(B) It is the flat follicles that make African people’s hair delicate.
(C) Straight hair allows sebum to spread more evenly.
(D) Hair follicles play a vital role in protecting hair.
答案 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B
Words in Use
●
thin [θɪn]
adj. 薄的；瘦的；稀的；稀疏的
●
determined [dɪˋtɝmɪnd]
a. 有決心的
●
combination [͵kɑmbəˋneʃən]
n. 結合，聯合
●
diameter [daɪˋæmətɚ]
n. 直徑
●
texture [ˋtɛkstʃɚ]
n. （料子、紡織物的）質地，觸感；（食物、飲品的）口感
vt. 形成（不平滑、粗糙的）紋理
●
characteristic [͵kærəktəˋrɪstɪk]
a. 典型的（皆與介詞 of 並用）
n. 特徵
●
delicate [ˋdɛləkət]
a. 脆弱的；精緻的
●
fragile [ˋfrædʒəl]
n. 優先考慮的事（可數）；優先權（不可數）
●
oval [ˋov!]
a. 卵形的，橢圓形的
n. 橢圓
●
curl [kɝl]
n. （一根）捲髮
vt. 使捲曲
●
diversity [daɪˋvɝsətɪ]
n. 多樣性；差異
●
trait [tret]
n. 特質，特點
●
strand [strænd]
n. 一股 / 縷 (線、頭髮)
vt. 使擱淺
●
hormone [ˋhɔrmon]
n. 荷爾蒙
●
descent [dɪˋsɛnt]
n. . 下降；血統
●
opening [ˋopənɪŋ]
n. 孔洞
●
scalp [skælp]
n. 頭皮
●
defining [dɪˈfɑɪnɪŋ]
adj. 關鍵的，決定性的
●
curly [ˋkɝlɪ]
a. 捲曲的
●
evenly [ˋivənlɪ]
adv. 均勻地；平均地
●
ancestry [ˋænsɛstrɪ]
n. 血統；祖先（總稱）
●
coil [kɔɪl]
n. 線圈（本文指像線圈般密集的捲髮）
●
sebum [ˋsibəm]
n. 皮脂
●
brittle [ˋbrɪt!]
a. 脆的，易碎的
●
follicle [ˋfɑlɪk!]
n. 毛囊
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pore [por]
n. 毛孔
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oblong [ˋɑbloŋ]
a. 橢圓形的
●
elliptical [ɪˋlɪptɪk!]
a. 橢圓（形）的
Practical Phrases
●
regardless of... 不論……
Everyone is required to attend the meeting
regardless of the typhoon.
儘管有颱風，每個人還是被要求出席會議。
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某物 + come in + 顏色∕尺寸等 某物有⋯⋯的顏色／尺寸
The shirt comes in three sizes: small, medium, and large.
這款襯衫有三種尺寸：小、中和大。
●
make it + N/Adj. + for sb/sth + to V 使（做）⋯⋯對某人／某物而言變得⋯⋯
My motorcycle makes it easier for me to travel between school and my home.
機車讓我往返學校和家裡變得更容易。
●
be determined by... 取決於⋯⋯，由⋯⋯決定
The price of fresh seafood is determined by the fishermen.
新鮮海鮮的價格由漁夫決定。
More to Learn
various [ ˋvɛrɪəs ] a. 各式各樣的
• The library houses various kinds of books, from science fiction to cookbooks.
這座圖書館藏有各式各樣的書籍，從科幻小說到食譜都有。
以下介紹「各式各樣的，形形色色的」的其他說法:
a. a (wide) variety of... 各式各樣的⋯⋯
variety [ vəˋraɪətɪ ] n. 種類
• This hotel provides tourists with a variety of entertainment.
這家飯店提供遊客各種不同的娛樂。
b. a (wide) range of... 各式各樣的⋯⋯
• The furniture exhibition has a wide range of quality sofas for you to choose from.
這次傢俱展有各式各樣品質好的沙發任君挑選。
c. diverse [ daɪˋvɝs ] a. 各式各樣的
= a diversity of...
• With diverse courses available online, everyone can learn a new skill on their own.
網路上有各式各樣的課程，每個人都能自己習得新 技能。
d. all kinds / sorts / types of... 各式各樣的⋯⋯
• You can find all types of sports gear at this store, such as swimsuits and footwear.
你可以在這間店找到各式各樣的運動裝備，像是泳裝和鞋類。
Grammar Tips
For example, the larger the hair follicles, the thicker a person’s hair.
The more oblong the openings of the hair follicles are, the curlier the hair will be.
介紹「愈......，就愈......」的用法
基本句型
The + 比較級形容詞/副詞..., the + 比較級形容詞/ 副詞...
※ 在此句構中，第一個 the 不具任何意思，為副詞連接 詞，引導副詞子句，同時兼作副詞，修飾其後的比較 級形容詞或副詞;第二個 the 則為副詞，亦不具任何 意思，修飾其後的比較級形容詞或副詞。
• The earlier you finish your homework, the sooner you can hang out with friends.
你愈早完成功課，就能愈快跟朋友出去玩。
• The louder the music was, the more excited the fans became.
音樂愈大聲，歌迷就愈興奮。
※ 若句中只有動詞而無形容詞或副詞時，則在句首依句 意加上 the more 或 the less 即可。
• The more you spend, the less you save. 你花得愈多，存下來的就愈少。
※ 若比較級比較的對象是名詞的數量，修飾可數名詞時用 more / fewer，修飾不可數名詞時則用形容詞比較 級 more / less。
• The more you practice, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
你練習愈多次，犯的錯就會愈少。
• The older we get, the less time we spend with our family.
我們年紀愈大，就花愈少時間陪伴家人。
※ 若句中主詞為一般名詞，而非代名詞(he、she 等) 或專有名詞(Ann、Jim 等)，且其後動詞為 be 動詞 時，此 be 動詞可予以省略(如上列第一句用法)。
• The lighter a laptop (is), the more portable it is.
筆電愈輕愈方便攜帶。
※ 句中主詞若無特定對象，亦可與 be 動詞一同省略。
• We’ll need a lot of people to help in today’s event. The more, the better.
我們今天的活動會需要很多人幫忙。人愈多愈好。
精選試題
天氣愈乾燥，這些花朵就需要愈多水。
__________________________________________
答案:The drier the weather (is), the more water these flowers need.
中文翻譯(& 答案)
人類的頭髮有各式各樣的尺寸、長度、顏色和質地。有些人留著一頭長直髮，而 其他人則留著一頭短捲髮。但是，有一群人的頭髮擁有特定的特徵，並以其而聞名。
非裔血統的人其中一個決定性的特徵就是一頭豐厚的濃密捲髮。雖然全世界的人 們都會有捲髮或厚髮，但正是這兩種特徵的結合讓非洲人相對來說較獨特。然而，厚 捲髮其實相當脆弱。頭皮會分泌一種被稱為皮脂的天然油脂，能讓我們的頭髮保持健 康。非洲人的濃密捲髮使油脂很難平均地分布。因此，髮絲會變得乾燥且易脆裂。
你可能會想知道，為何非裔民族擁有如此獨特的頭髮。這個答案與毛囊有關。毛 囊是位於皮膚層前兩層的管狀結構(毛孔)，是頭髮的生長處。一個人頭髮的尺寸、 形狀和質地完全取決於其毛囊。舉例來說，毛囊愈大頭髮就會愈粗。完全圓的毛囊開 口會長出直髮。毛囊開口愈橢圓，頭髮就會愈捲。因此，非洲人的毛囊往往都很大， 且帶有非常扁平、橢圓的開口。
不管頭髮是短的、長的、捲的或是直的，我們都可以欣賞全世界各式各樣頭髮的美。
1. 哪一個頭髮的特徵與非裔民族有關?
(A) 長且稀疏的頭髮。
(B) 厚捲髮。
(C) 稀疏且淺色的頭髮。
(D) 長且深色的頭髮。
2. 根據本文，毛囊是什麼?
(A) 覆蓋頭髮的油脂。
(B) 導致頭髮生長的毛孔。
(C) 皮膚上頭髮從中長出的器官。
(D) 決定頭髮顏色的賀爾蒙。
3. 有著小且橢圓狀毛囊的人會長出什麼樣的頭髮?
(A) 細捲髮。
(B) 粗捲髮。
(C) 細直髮。
(D) 粗直髮。
題解: 本文第三段提到，毛囊愈大頭髮愈粗、開口愈圓頭髮愈直，因此小且橢圓狀的毛囊應會長出又細又捲 的頭髮，故答案應選 (A)。另外，選項中的 fine 一 字即是指頭髮本身是「細的」。
4. 我們可以從本文推論出關於頭髮特色的什麼事?
(A) 頭皮分泌的油脂量取決於毛囊的直徑。
(B) 正是扁平的毛囊讓非洲人的頭髮很脆弱。
(C) 直髮讓皮脂更平均地分布。
(D) 毛囊在保護頭髮方面發揮了重要作用。
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